variant.cpp

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/*
    Copyright (C) 2008 - 2025
    by David White <dave@whitevine.net>
    Part of the Battle for Wesnoth Project https://www.wesnoth.org/
 
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
 
    See the COPYING file for more details.
*/
 
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include "utils/span.hpp"
 
#include "formatter.hpp"
#include "formula/function.hpp"
#include "formula/variant_value.hpp"
#include "log.hpp"
 
static lg::log_domain log_scripting_formula("scripting/formula");
#define DBG_SF LOG_STREAM(debug, log_scripting_formula)
#define LOG_SF LOG_STREAM(info, log_scripting_formula)
#define WRN_SF LOG_STREAM(warn, log_scripting_formula)
#define ERR_SF LOG_STREAM(err, log_scripting_formula)
 
 
namespace wfl
{
namespace
{
// Static value to initialize null variants to ensure its value is never nullptr.
const auto null_value = std::make_shared<variant_value_base>();
 
std::string get_debug_description(const variant& v)
{
    return formatter{} << formula_variant::get_string(v.type()) << " (" + v.to_debug_string() << ")";
}
 
// Small helper function to get a standard type error message.
std::string was_expecting(const std::string& expected, const std::string& description)
{
    return formatter{} << "TYPE ERROR: expected " << expected << " but found " << description;
}
 
// Small helper function to get a standard type error message.
std::string was_expecting(const std::string& expected, const variant& v)
{
    return was_expecting(expected, get_debug_description(v));
}
 
// Throws a type_error if both variants are not of the given type
void must_both_be(formula_variant::type t, const variant& v1, const variant& v2)
{
    if(v1.type() != t || v2.type() != t) {
        const std::string expected = formatter{}
            << formula_variant::get_string(t) << ", "
            << formula_variant::get_string(t);
 
        const std::string provided = formatter{}
            << get_debug_description(v1) << ", "
            << get_debug_description(v2);
 
        throw type_error{was_expecting(expected, provided)};
    }
}
 
} // namespace
 
template<typename T>
std::shared_ptr<T> value_cast(const variant& v)
{
    auto res = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(v.value_);
    if(!res) {
        throw type_error{was_expecting(formula_variant::get_string(T::value_type), v)};
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
type_error::type_error(const std::string& str) : game::error(str)
{
    PLAIN_LOG << "ERROR: " << message << "\n" << call_stack_manager::get();
}
 
variant_iterator::variant_iterator()
    : type_(formula_variant::type::null)
    , container_(nullptr)
    , iter_()
{
}
 
variant_iterator::variant_iterator(const variant_value_base* value, const utils::any& iter)
    : type_(value->get_type())
    , container_(value)
    , iter_(iter)
{
}
 
variant variant_iterator::operator*() const
{
    if(!container_) {
        return variant();
    }
 
    return container_->deref_iterator(iter_);
}
 
variant_iterator& variant_iterator::operator++()
{
    if(container_) {
        container_->iterator_inc(iter_);
    }
 
    return *this;
}
 
variant_iterator variant_iterator::operator++(int)
{
    variant_iterator temp(*this);
    if(container_) {
        container_->iterator_inc(iter_);
    }
 
    return temp;
}
 
variant_iterator& variant_iterator::operator--()
{
    if(container_) {
        container_->iterator_dec(iter_);
    }
 
    return *this;
}
 
variant_iterator variant_iterator::operator--(int)
{
    variant_iterator temp(*this);
    if(container_) {
        container_->iterator_dec(iter_);
    }
 
    return temp;
}
 
bool variant_iterator::operator==(const variant_iterator& that) const
{
    if(!container_ && !that.container_) {
        return true;
    }
 
    if(container_ == that.container_) {
        return container_->iterator_equals(iter_, that.iter_);
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
bool variant_iterator::operator!=(const variant_iterator& that) const
{
    return !operator==(that);
}
 
 
variant::variant()
    : value_(null_value)
{}
 
variant::variant(int n)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_int>(n))
{
}
 
variant::variant(int n, variant::DECIMAL_VARIANT_TYPE)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_decimal>(n))
{
}
 
variant::variant(double n, variant::DECIMAL_VARIANT_TYPE)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_decimal>(n))
{
}
 
variant::variant(const std::vector<variant>& vec)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_list>(vec))
{
}
 
variant::variant(std::vector<variant>&& vec)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_list>(std::move(vec)))
{
}
 
variant::variant(const std::string& str)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_string>(str))
{
}
 
variant::variant(std::string&& str)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_string>(std::move(str)))
{
}
 
variant::variant(const std::map<variant, variant>& map)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_map>(map))
{
}
 
variant::variant(std::map<variant, variant>&& map)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_map>(std::move(map)))
{
}
 
variant::variant(const_formula_callable_ptr callable)
    : value_(std::make_shared<variant_callable>(std::move(callable)))
{
}
 
formula_variant::type variant::type() const
{
    return value_->get_type();
}
 
variant variant::operator[](std::size_t n) const
{
    if(is_callable()) {
        return *this;
    }
 
    try {
        return as_list().at(n);
    } catch(const std::out_of_range&) {
        throw type_error("invalid index");
    }
}
 
variant variant::operator[](const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_callable()) {
        return *this;
    }
 
    if(is_map()) {
        auto& map = as_map();
 
        auto i = map.find(v);
        if(i == map.end()) {
            return variant();
        }
 
        return i->second;
    } else if(is_list()) {
        if(v.is_list()) {
            std::vector<variant> slice;
            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < v.num_elements(); ++i) {
                slice.push_back((*this)[v[i]]);
            }
 
            return variant(std::move(slice));
        } else if(v.as_int() < 0) {
            return operator[](num_elements() + v.as_int());
        }
 
        return operator[](v.as_int());
    }
 
    throw type_error(was_expecting("a list or a map", *this));
}
 
variant variant::get_keys() const
{
    std::vector<variant> tmp;
    for(const auto& [key, value] : as_map()) {
        tmp.push_back(key);
    }
 
    return variant(std::move(tmp));
}
 
variant variant::get_values() const
{
    std::vector<variant> tmp;
    for(const auto& [key, value] : as_map()) {
        tmp.push_back(value);
    }
 
    return variant(std::move(tmp));
}
 
variant_iterator variant::begin() const
{
    return value_->make_iterator().begin();
}
 
variant_iterator variant::end() const
{
    return value_->make_iterator().end();
}
 
bool variant::is_empty() const
{
    return value_->is_empty();
}
 
std::size_t variant::num_elements() const
{
    if(!is_list() && !is_map()) {
        throw type_error(was_expecting("a list or a map", *this));
    }
 
    return value_->num_elements();
}
 
variant variant::get_member(const std::string& name) const
{
    if(is_callable()) {
        if(auto obj = as_callable()) {
            return obj->query_value(name);
        }
    }
 
    if(name == "self") {
        return *this;
    }
 
    return variant();
}
 
int variant::as_int(int fallback) const
{
    if(is_null())    { return fallback; }
    if(is_decimal()) { return as_decimal() / 1000; }
 
    return value_cast<variant_int>(*this)->get_numeric_value();
}
 
int variant::as_decimal(int fallback) const
{
    if(is_decimal()) {
        return value_cast<variant_decimal>(*this)->get_numeric_value();
    } else if(is_int()) {
        return value_cast<variant_int>(*this)->get_numeric_value() * 1000;
    } else if(is_null()) {
        return fallback;
    }
 
    throw type_error(was_expecting("an integer or a decimal", *this));
}
 
bool variant::as_bool() const
{
    return value_->as_bool();
}
 
const std::string& variant::as_string() const
{
    return value_cast<variant_string>(*this)->get_string();
}
 
const std::vector<variant>& variant::as_list() const
{
    return value_cast<variant_list>(*this)->get_container();
}
 
const std::map<variant, variant>& variant::as_map() const
{
    return value_cast<variant_map>(*this)->get_container();
}
 
const_formula_callable_ptr variant::as_callable() const
{
    return value_cast<variant_callable>(*this)->get_callable();
}
 
variant variant::operator+(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_list() && v.is_list()) {
        return concatenate(v);
    }
 
    if(is_map() && v.is_map()) {
        std::map<variant, variant> res = as_map();
 
        for(const auto& member : v.as_map()) {
            res[member.first] = member.second;
        }
 
        return variant(std::move(res));
    }
 
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
        return variant(as_decimal() + v.as_decimal() , DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    }
 
    return variant(as_int() + v.as_int());
}
 
variant variant::operator-(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
        return variant(as_decimal() - v.as_decimal() , DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    }
 
    return variant(as_int() - v.as_int());
}
 
variant variant::operator*(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
 
        long long long_int = as_decimal();
 
        long_int *= v.as_decimal();
 
        long_int /= 100;
 
        if(long_int%10 >= 5) {
            long_int /= 10;
            ++long_int;
        } else {
            long_int/=10;
        }
 
        return variant(static_cast<int>(long_int) , DECIMAL_VARIANT );
    }
 
    return variant(as_int() * v.as_int());
}
 
variant variant::operator/(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
        int denominator = v.as_decimal();
 
        if(denominator == 0) {
            throw type_error("decimal divide by zero error");
        }
 
        long long long_int = as_decimal();
 
        long_int *= 10000;
 
        long_int /= denominator;
 
        if(long_int%10 >= 5) {
            long_int /= 10;
            ++long_int;
        } else {
            long_int/=10;
        }
 
        return variant(static_cast<int>(long_int), DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    }
 
    const int numerator = as_int();
    const int denominator = v.as_int();
 
    if(denominator == 0) {
        throw type_error("int divide by zero error");
    }
 
    return variant(numerator / denominator);
}
 
variant variant::operator%(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
        const int numerator = as_decimal();
        const int denominator = v.as_decimal();
        if(denominator == 0) {
            throw type_error("divide by zero error");
        }
 
        return variant(numerator % denominator, DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    } else {
        const int numerator = as_int();
        const int denominator = v.as_int();
        if(denominator == 0) {
            throw type_error("divide by zero error");
        }
 
        return variant(numerator % denominator);
    }
}
 
variant variant::operator^(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
 
        double res = std::pow(as_decimal() / 1000.0 , v.as_decimal() / 1000.0);
 
        if(std::isnan(res)) {
            return variant();
        }
 
        return variant(res, DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    }
 
    return variant(static_cast<int>(std::round(std::pow(static_cast<double>(as_int()), v.as_int()))));
}
 
variant variant::operator-() const
{
    if(is_decimal()) {
        return variant(-as_decimal(), DECIMAL_VARIANT);
    }
 
    return variant(-as_int());
}
 
bool variant::operator==(const variant& v) const
{
    if(type() != v.type()) {
        if(is_decimal() || v.is_decimal()) {
            return as_decimal() == v.as_decimal();
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    return value_->equals(*v.value_);
}
 
bool variant::operator!=(const variant& v) const
{
    return !operator==(v);
}
 
bool variant::operator<(const variant& v) const
{
    if(type() != v.type()) {
        if(is_decimal() && v.is_int()) {
            return as_decimal() < v.as_decimal();
        }
 
        if(v.is_decimal() && is_int()) {
            return as_decimal() < v.as_decimal();
        }
 
        return type() < v.type();
    }
 
    return value_->less_than(*v.value_);
}
 
bool variant::operator>=(const variant& v) const
{
    return !(*this < v);
}
 
bool variant::operator<=(const variant& v) const
{
    return !(v < *this);
}
 
bool variant::operator>(const variant& v) const
{
    return v < *this;
}
 
namespace implementation
{
/**
 * Applies the provided function to the corresponding variants in both lists.
 *
 * @todo Expose this to the public API.
 */
template<typename Func>
variant zip_transform(const variant& v1, const variant& v2, const Func& op_func)
{
    must_both_be(formula_variant::type::list, v1, v2);
 
    const std::vector<variant>& lhs = v1.as_list();
    const std::vector<variant>& rhs = v2.as_list();
 
    if(lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
        throw type_error("zip_transform requires two lists of the same length");
    }
 
    std::vector<variant> res;
    res.reserve(lhs.size());
 
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
        res.push_back(std::invoke(op_func, lhs[i], rhs[i]));
    }
 
    return variant(std::move(res));
}
 
variant concat_lists(const variant& v1, const variant& v2)
{
    must_both_be(formula_variant::type::list, v1, v2);
 
    const std::vector<variant>& lhs = v1.as_list();
    const std::vector<variant>& rhs = v2.as_list();
 
    std::vector<variant> res;
    res.reserve(lhs.size() + rhs.size());
 
    std::copy(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), std::back_inserter(res));
    std::copy(rhs.begin(), rhs.end(), std::back_inserter(res));
 
    return variant(std::move(res));
}
 
} // namespace implementation
 
variant variant::list_elements_add(const variant& v) const
{
    return implementation::zip_transform(*this, v, std::plus<variant>{});
}
 
variant variant::list_elements_sub(const variant& v) const
{
    return implementation::zip_transform(*this, v, std::minus<variant>{});
}
 
variant variant::list_elements_mul(const variant& v) const
{
    return implementation::zip_transform(*this, v, std::multiplies<variant>{});
}
 
variant variant::list_elements_div(const variant& v) const
{
    return implementation::zip_transform(*this, v, std::divides<variant>{});
}
 
variant variant::concatenate(const variant& v) const
{
    if(is_list() && v.is_list()) {
        return implementation::concat_lists(*this, v);
    }
 
    if(is_string() && v.is_string()) {
        return variant(as_string() + v.as_string());
    }
 
    throw type_error(was_expecting("a list or a string", *this));
}
 
variant variant::build_range(const variant& v) const
{
    must_both_be(formula_variant::type::integer, *this, v);
    return value_cast<variant_int>(*this)->build_range_variant(v.as_int());
}
 
bool variant::contains(const variant& v) const
{
    switch(type()) {
    case formula_variant::type::list:
        return utils::contains(as_list(), v);
    case formula_variant::type::map:
        return utils::contains(as_map(), v);
    default:
        throw type_error(was_expecting("a list or a map", *this));
    }
}
 
std::string variant::serialize_to_string() const
{
    return value_->get_serialized_string();
}
 
void variant::serialize_from_string(const std::string& str)
{
    try {
        *this = formula(str).evaluate();
    } catch(...) {
        DBG_SF << "Evaluation failed with exception: " << utils::get_unknown_exception_type();
        *this = variant(str);
    }
}
 
std::string variant::string_cast() const
{
    return value_->string_cast();
}
 
std::string variant::to_debug_string(bool verbose, formula_seen_stack* seen) const
{
    if(!seen) {
        formula_seen_stack seen_stack;
        return value_->get_debug_string(seen_stack, verbose);
    }
 
    return value_->get_debug_string(*seen, verbose);
}
 
variant execute_actions(const variant& execute, const variant& context)
{
    // If we don't have a list, try and execute the input variant itself.
    const auto to_execute = execute.is_list()
        ? utils::span{execute.as_list()}
        : utils::span{&execute, 1};
 
    std::vector<variant> res;
    res.reserve(to_execute.size());
 
    for(const variant& v : to_execute) {
        if(v.is_null()) {
            continue;
        }
 
        auto action = callable_cast<action_callable*>(v);
        if(!action) {
            WRN_SF << "Could not execute non-action_callable variant: " << v.to_debug_string();
            continue;
        }
 
        res.push_back(std::const_pointer_cast<action_callable>(action)->execute_self(context));
    }
 
    return variant(std::move(res));
}
 
}