attack.cpp

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/*
    Copyright (C) 2003 - 2025
    by David White <dave@whitevine.net>
    Part of the Battle for Wesnoth Project https://www.wesnoth.org/
 
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.
    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
 
    See the COPYING file for more details.
*/
 
/**
 * @file
 * Fighting.
 */
 
#include "actions/attack.hpp"
 
#include <utility>
 
#include "actions/advancement.hpp"
#include "actions/vision.hpp"
 
#include "game_classification.hpp"
#include "game_config.hpp"
#include "game_data.hpp"
#include "game_events/pump.hpp"
#include "gettext.hpp"
#include "log.hpp"
#include "map/map.hpp"
#include "mouse_handler_base.hpp"
#include "play_controller.hpp"
#include "preferences/preferences.hpp"
#include "random.hpp"
#include "replay.hpp"
#include "resources.hpp"
#include "statistics.hpp"
#include "synced_checkup.hpp"
#include "team.hpp"
#include "tod_manager.hpp"
#include "units/abilities.hpp"
#include "units/animation_component.hpp"
#include "units/map.hpp"
#include "units/udisplay.hpp"
#include "units/unit.hpp"
#include "units/types.hpp"
#include "utils/optional_fwd.hpp"
#include "whiteboard/manager.hpp"
#include "wml_exception.hpp"
 
#include "utils/optional_fwd.hpp"
 
static lg::log_domain log_engine("engine");
#define DBG_NG LOG_STREAM(debug, log_engine)
#define LOG_NG LOG_STREAM(info, log_engine)
#define WRN_NG LOG_STREAM(err, log_engine)
#define ERR_NG LOG_STREAM(err, log_engine)
 
static lg::log_domain log_attack("engine/attack");
#define DBG_AT LOG_STREAM(debug, log_attack)
#define LOG_AT LOG_STREAM(info, log_attack)
#define WRN_AT LOG_STREAM(err, log_attack)
#define ERR_AT LOG_STREAM(err, log_attack)
 
static lg::log_domain log_config("config");
#define LOG_CF LOG_STREAM(info, log_config)
 
// ==================================================================================
// BATTLE CONTEXT UNIT STATS
// ==================================================================================
 
namespace biased_rng
{
bool enabled()
{
    return resources::classification->random_mode == "biased" && !randomness::generator->is_networked();
}
 
int roll_credit(randomness::rng& rng)
{
    return rng.get_random_int(0, 99);
}
 
bool roll_hit(randomness::rng& rng, int strikes_left, int chance_to_hit, int& credit)
{
    if(chance_to_hit == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    if(chance_to_hit == 100) {
        return true;
    }
 
    const int expected_hits = (chance_to_hit * strikes_left + credit) / 100;
    const bool does_hit = rng.get_random_int(0, strikes_left - 1) < expected_hits;
    credit += chance_to_hit - (does_hit ? 100 : 0);
    return does_hit;
}
} // namespace biased_rng
 
battle_context_unit_stats::battle_context_unit_stats(nonempty_unit_const_ptr up,
        const map_location& u_loc,
        int u_attack_num,
        bool attacking,
        nonempty_unit_const_ptr oppp,
        const map_location& opp_loc,
        const const_attack_ptr& opp_weapon,
        utils::optional<int> opp_terrain_defense,
        utils::optional<int> lawful_bonus
    )
    : weapon(nullptr)
    , attack_num(u_attack_num)
    , is_attacker(attacking)
    , is_poisoned(up->get_state(unit::STATE_POISONED))
    , is_slowed(up->get_state(unit::STATE_SLOWED))
    , slows(false)
    , drains(false)
    , petrifies(false)
    , plagues(false)
    , poisons(false)
    , swarm(false)
    , firststrike(false)
    , disable(false)
    , leadership_bonus(0)
    , experience(up->experience())
    , max_experience(up->max_experience())
    , level(up->level())
    , rounds(1)
    , hp(0)
    , max_hp(up->max_hitpoints())
    , chance_to_hit(0)
    , damage(0)
    , slow_damage(0)
    , drain_percent(0)
    , drain_constant(0)
    , num_blows(0)
    , swarm_min(0)
    , swarm_max(0)
    , plague_type()
{
    const unit& u = *up;
    const unit& opp = *oppp;
    // Get the current state of the unit.
    if(attack_num >= 0) {
        weapon = u.attacks()[attack_num].shared_from_this();
    }
 
    if(u.hitpoints() < 0) {
        LOG_CF << "Unit with " << u.hitpoints() << " hitpoints found, set to 0 for damage calculations";
        hp = 0;
    } else if(u.hitpoints() > u.max_hitpoints()) {
        // If a unit has more hp than its maximum, the engine will fail with an
        // assertion failure due to accessing the prob_matrix out of bounds.
        hp = u.max_hitpoints();
    } else {
        hp = u.hitpoints();
    }
 
    // Exit if no weapon.
    if(!weapon) {
        return;
    }
 
    // Get the weapon characteristics as appropriate.
    auto ctx = specials_context_t::make({ up, u_loc, weapon }, { oppp, opp_loc, opp_weapon }, attacking);
 
    slows = weapon->has_special_or_ability("slow") && !opp.get_state("unslowable") ;
    drains = !opp.get_state("undrainable") && weapon->has_special_or_ability("drains");
    petrifies = !opp.get_state("unpetrifiable") && weapon->has_special_or_ability("petrifies");
    poisons = !opp.get_state("unpoisonable") && weapon->has_special_or_ability("poison") && !opp.get_state(unit::STATE_POISONED);
    rounds = weapon->get_specials_and_abilities("berserk").highest("value", 1).first;
 
    firststrike = weapon->has_special_or_ability("firststrike");
 
    {
        const int distance = distance_between(u_loc, opp_loc);
        const bool out_of_range = distance > weapon->max_range() || distance < weapon->min_range();
        disable = weapon->has_special_or_ability("disable") || out_of_range;
    }
 
    // Handle plague.
    active_ability_list plague_specials = weapon->get_specials_and_abilities("plague");
    plagues = !opp.get_state("unplagueable") && !plague_specials.empty() &&
        opp.undead_variation() != "null" && !resources::gameboard->map().is_village(opp_loc);
 
    if(plagues) {
        plague_type = plague_specials.front().ability_cfg()["type"].str();
 
        if(plague_type.empty()) {
            plague_type = u.type().parent_id();
        }
    }
 
    // Compute chance to hit.
 
    int opp_base_cth = opp_terrain_defense ? (100 - *opp_terrain_defense) : opp.defense_modifier(resources::gameboard->map().get_terrain(opp_loc));
    signed int cth = weapon->modified_chance_to_hit(opp_base_cth);
 
    if(opp.get_state("invulnerable")) {
        cth = 0;
    }
 
    chance_to_hit = std::clamp(cth, 0, 100);
 
    // Compute base damage done with the weapon.
    double base_damage = weapon->modified_damage();
 
    // Get the damage multiplier applied to the base damage of the weapon.
    int damage_multiplier = 100;
 
    // Time of day bonus.
    unit_alignments::type alignment = weapon->alignment().value_or(u.alignment());
    if (lawful_bonus) {
        damage_multiplier += generic_combat_modifier(*lawful_bonus, alignment, u.is_fearless(), 0);
    }
    else {
        damage_multiplier += combat_modifier(
            resources::gameboard->units(), resources::gameboard->map(), u_loc, alignment, u.is_fearless());
    }
 
 
    // Leadership bonus.
    leadership_bonus = under_leadership(u, ctx);
    if(leadership_bonus != 0) {
        damage_multiplier += leadership_bonus;
    }
 
    // Resistance modifier.
 
    const auto [damage_type, resistance_modifier] = weapon->effective_damage_type();
    damage_multiplier *= resistance_modifier;
 
    // Compute both the normal and slowed damage.
    damage = round_damage(base_damage, damage_multiplier, 10000);
    slow_damage = round_damage(base_damage, damage_multiplier, 20000);
 
    if(is_slowed) {
        damage = slow_damage;
    }
 
    // Compute drain amounts only if draining is possible.
    if(drains) {
        // Compute the drain percent (with 50% as the base for backward compatibility)
        drain_percent = weapon->composite_value(weapon->get_specials_and_abilities("drains"), 50);
    }
 
    // Add heal_on_hit (the drain constant)
    drain_constant += weapon->composite_value(weapon->get_specials_and_abilities("heal_on_hit"), 0);
 
    drains = drain_constant || drain_percent;
 
    // Compute the number of blows and handle swarm.
    weapon->modified_attacks(swarm_min, swarm_max);
    swarm = swarm_min != swarm_max;
    num_blows = calc_blows(hp);
    can_advance = u.advances();
}
 
 
// ==================================================================================
// BATTLE CONTEXT
// ==================================================================================
 
battle_context::battle_context(
        nonempty_unit_const_ptr attacker,
        const map_location& a_loc,
        int a_wep_index,
        nonempty_unit_const_ptr defender,
        const map_location& d_loc,
        int d_wep_index,
        bool use_biased_rng)
    : attacker_stats_()
    , defender_stats_()
    , attacker_combatant_()
    , defender_combatant_()
    , use_biased_rng_(use_biased_rng)
{
    std::size_t a_wep_uindex = static_cast<std::size_t>(a_wep_index);
    std::size_t d_wep_uindex = static_cast<std::size_t>(d_wep_index);
 
    const_attack_ptr a_wep(a_wep_uindex < attacker->attacks().size() ? attacker->attacks()[a_wep_index].shared_from_this() : nullptr);
    const_attack_ptr d_wep(d_wep_uindex < defender->attacks().size() ? defender->attacks()[d_wep_index].shared_from_this() : nullptr);
 
    attacker_stats_.reset(new battle_context_unit_stats(attacker, a_loc, a_wep_index, true , defender, d_loc, d_wep));
    defender_stats_.reset(new battle_context_unit_stats(defender, d_loc, d_wep_index, false, attacker, a_loc, a_wep));
}
 
void battle_context::simulate(const combatant* prev_def)
{
    assert((attacker_combatant_ != nullptr) == (defender_combatant_ != nullptr));
    assert(attacker_stats_);
    assert(defender_stats_);
    if(!attacker_combatant_) {
        attacker_combatant_.reset(new combatant(*attacker_stats_));
        defender_combatant_.reset(new combatant(*defender_stats_, prev_def));
        attacker_combatant_->fight(*defender_combatant_, true, use_biased_rng_);
    }
}
 
// more like a factory method than a constructor, always calls one of the other constructors.
battle_context::battle_context(const unit_map& units,
        const map_location& attacker_loc,
        const map_location& defender_loc,
        int attacker_weapon,
        int defender_weapon,
        double aggression,
        const combatant* prev_def,
        unit_const_ptr attacker,
        unit_const_ptr defender,
        bool use_biased_rng)
    : attacker_stats_(nullptr)
    , defender_stats_(nullptr)
    , attacker_combatant_(nullptr)
    , defender_combatant_(nullptr)
{
    //TODO: maybe check before dereferencing units.find(attacker_loc),units.find(defender_loc) ?
    if(!attacker) {
        attacker = units.find(attacker_loc).get_shared_ptr();
    }
    if(!defender) {
        defender = units.find(defender_loc).get_shared_ptr();
    }
    nonempty_unit_const_ptr n_attacker { attacker };
    nonempty_unit_const_ptr n_defender { defender };
 
    const double harm_weight = 1.0 - aggression;
 
    if(attacker_weapon == -1) {
        *this = choose_attacker_weapon(
            n_attacker, n_defender, attacker_loc, defender_loc, harm_weight, prev_def, use_biased_rng
        );
    }
    else if(defender_weapon == -1) {
        *this = choose_defender_weapon(
            n_attacker, n_defender, attacker_weapon, attacker_loc, defender_loc, prev_def, use_biased_rng
        );
    }
    else {
        *this = battle_context(
            n_attacker, attacker_loc, attacker_weapon, n_defender, defender_loc, defender_weapon, use_biased_rng);
    }
 
    assert(attacker_stats_);
    assert(defender_stats_);
}
 
battle_context::battle_context(const battle_context_unit_stats& att, const battle_context_unit_stats& def)
    : attacker_stats_(new battle_context_unit_stats(att))
    , defender_stats_(new battle_context_unit_stats(def))
    , attacker_combatant_(nullptr)
    , defender_combatant_(nullptr)
{
}
 
 
/** @todo FIXME: better to initialize combatant initially (move into
                 battle_context_unit_stats?), just do fight() when required. */
const combatant& battle_context::get_attacker_combatant(const combatant* prev_def)
{
    // We calculate this lazily, since AI doesn't always need it.
    simulate(prev_def);
    return *attacker_combatant_;
}
 
const combatant& battle_context::get_defender_combatant(const combatant* prev_def)
{
    // We calculate this lazily, since AI doesn't always need it.
    simulate(prev_def);
    return *defender_combatant_;
}
 
// Given this harm_weight, are we better than that other context?
bool battle_context::better_attack(class battle_context& that, double harm_weight)
{
    return better_combat(
        get_attacker_combatant(),
        get_defender_combatant(),
        that.get_attacker_combatant(),
        that.get_defender_combatant(),
        harm_weight
    );
}
 
// Given this harm_weight, are we better than that other context?
bool battle_context::better_defense(class battle_context& that, double harm_weight)
{
    return better_combat(
        get_defender_combatant(),
        get_attacker_combatant(),
        that.get_defender_combatant(),
        that.get_attacker_combatant(),
        harm_weight
    );
}
 
// Does combat A give us a better result than combat B?
bool battle_context::better_combat(const combatant& us_a,
        const combatant& them_a,
        const combatant& us_b,
        const combatant& them_b,
        double harm_weight)
{
    double a, b;
 
    // Compare: P(we kill them) - P(they kill us).
    a = them_a.hp_dist[0] - us_a.hp_dist[0] * harm_weight;
    b = them_b.hp_dist[0] - us_b.hp_dist[0] * harm_weight;
 
    if(a - b < -0.01) {
        return false;
    }
 
    if(a - b > 0.01) {
        return true;
    }
 
    // Add poison to calculations, but poison bonus should only be applied if the unit survives
    double poison_a_us = us_a.poisoned > 0 ? (us_a.poisoned - us_a.hp_dist[0]) * game_config::poison_amount : 0;
    double poison_a_them = them_a.poisoned > 0 ? (them_a.poisoned - them_a.hp_dist[0]) * game_config::poison_amount : 0;
    double poison_b_us = us_b.poisoned > 0 ? (us_b.poisoned - us_b.hp_dist[0]) * game_config::poison_amount : 0;
    double poison_b_them = them_b.poisoned > 0 ? (them_b.poisoned - them_b.hp_dist[0]) * game_config::poison_amount : 0;
 
    double attack_weight_a = us_a.u_.weapon->attack_weight();
    double attack_weight_b = us_b.u_.weapon->attack_weight();
    double damage_a = (them_a.u_.hp - them_a.average_hp()) * attack_weight_a;
    double damage_b = (them_b.u_.hp - them_b.average_hp()) * attack_weight_b;
 
    // Compare: damage to them - damage to us (average_hp replaces -damage)
    a = (us_a.average_hp() - poison_a_us) * harm_weight + damage_a + poison_a_them;
    b = (us_b.average_hp() - poison_b_us) * harm_weight + damage_b + poison_b_them;
 
    if(a - b < -0.01) {
        return false;
    }
 
    if(a - b > 0.01) {
        return true;
    }
 
    // All else equal: go for most damage.
    return damage_a >= damage_b;
}
 
battle_context battle_context::choose_attacker_weapon(nonempty_unit_const_ptr attacker,
        const nonempty_unit_const_ptr& defender,
        const map_location& attacker_loc,
        const map_location& defender_loc,
        double harm_weight,
        const combatant* prev_def,
        bool use_biased_rng)
{
    log_scope2(log_attack, "choose_attacker_weapon");
    std::vector<battle_context> choices;
 
    // What options does attacker have?
    const auto attacks = attacker->attacks();
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < attacks.size(); ++i) {
        const attack_type& att = attacks[i];
 
        if(att.attack_weight() <= 0) {
            continue;
        }
        battle_context bc = choose_defender_weapon(attacker, defender, i, attacker_loc, defender_loc, prev_def, use_biased_rng);
        //choose_defender_weapon will always choose the weapon that disabels the attackers weapon if possible.
        if(bc.attacker_stats_->disable) {
            continue;
        }
        choices.emplace_back(std::move(bc));
    }
 
    if(choices.empty()) {
        return battle_context(attacker, attacker_loc, -1, defender, defender_loc, -1, use_biased_rng);
    }
 
    if(choices.size() == 1) {
        return std::move(choices[0]);
    }
 
    // Multiple options: simulate them, save best.
    battle_context* best_choice = nullptr;
    for(auto& choice : choices) {
        // If choose_defender_weapon didn't simulate, do so now.
        choice.simulate(prev_def);
 
        if(!best_choice || choice.better_attack(*best_choice, harm_weight)) {
            best_choice = &choice;
        }
    }
 
    if(best_choice) {
        return std::move(*best_choice);
    }
    else {
        return battle_context(attacker, attacker_loc, -1, defender, defender_loc, -1, use_biased_rng);
    }
}
 
/** @todo FIXME: Hand previous defender unit in here. */
battle_context battle_context::choose_defender_weapon(nonempty_unit_const_ptr attacker,
        nonempty_unit_const_ptr defender,
        unsigned attacker_weapon,
        const map_location& attacker_loc,
        const map_location& defender_loc,
        const combatant* prev_def,
        bool use_biased_rng)
{
    log_scope2(log_attack, "choose_defender_weapon");
    const auto attackers_attacks = attacker->attacks();
    VALIDATE(attacker_weapon < attackers_attacks.size(), _("An invalid attacker weapon got selected."));
 
    const attack_type& att = attackers_attacks[attacker_weapon];
    auto no_weapon = [&]() { return battle_context(attacker, attacker_loc, attacker_weapon, defender, defender_loc, -1, use_biased_rng); };
    std::vector<battle_context> choices;
 
    // What options does defender have?
    const auto defenses = defender->attacks();
    for(std::size_t i = 0; i < defenses.size(); ++i) {
        const attack_type& def = defenses[i];
        if(def.range() != att.range() || def.defense_weight() <= 0) {
            //no need to calculate the battle_context here.
            continue;
        }
        battle_context bc(attacker, attacker_loc, attacker_weapon, defender, defender_loc, i, use_biased_rng);
 
        if(bc.defender_stats_->disable) {
            continue;
        }
        if(bc.attacker_stats_->disable) {
            //the defenders attack disables the attakers attack: always choose this one.
            return bc;
        }
        choices.emplace_back(std::move(bc));
    }
 
    if(choices.empty()) {
        return no_weapon();
    }
 
    if(choices.size() == 1) {
        //only one usable weapon, don't simulate
        return std::move(choices[0]);
    }
 
    // Multiple options:
    // First pass : get the best weight and the minimum simple rating for this weight.
    // simple rating = number of blows * damage per blows (resistance taken in account) * cth * weight
    // Eligible attacks for defense should have a simple rating greater or equal to this weight.
 
    int min_rating = 0;
    {
        double max_weight = 0.0;
 
        for(const auto& choice : choices) {
            const double d_weight = choice.defender_stats_->weapon->defense_weight();
 
            if(d_weight >= max_weight) {
                const battle_context_unit_stats& def_stats = *choice.defender_stats_;
 
                max_weight = d_weight;
                int rating = static_cast<int>(
                        def_stats.num_blows * def_stats.damage * def_stats.chance_to_hit * d_weight);
 
                if(d_weight > max_weight || rating < min_rating) {
                    min_rating = rating;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    battle_context* best_choice = nullptr;
    // Multiple options: simulate them, save best.
    for(auto& choice : choices) {
        const double d_weight = choice.defender_stats_->weapon->defense_weight();
 
        choice.simulate(prev_def);
 
 
        int simple_rating = static_cast<int>(
                choice.defender_stats_->num_blows * choice.defender_stats_->damage * choice.defender_stats_->chance_to_hit * d_weight);
 
        //FIXME: make sure there is no mostake in the better_combat call-
        if(simple_rating >= min_rating && (!best_choice || choice.better_defense(*best_choice, 1.0))) {
            best_choice = &choice;
        }
    }
 
    return best_choice ? std::move(*best_choice) : no_weapon();
}
 
 
// ==================================================================================
// HELPERS
// ==================================================================================
 
namespace
{
void refresh_weapon_index(int& weap_index, const std::string& weap_id, const attack_itors& attacks)
{
    // No attacks to choose from.
    if(attacks.empty()) {
        weap_index = -1;
        return;
    }
 
    // The currently selected attack fits.
    if(weap_index >= 0 && weap_index < static_cast<int>(attacks.size()) && attacks[weap_index].id() == weap_id) {
        return;
    }
 
    // Look up the weapon by id.
    if(!weap_id.empty()) {
        for(int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(attacks.size()); ++i) {
            if(attacks[i].id() == weap_id) {
                weap_index = i;
                return;
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Lookup has failed.
    weap_index = -1;
    return;
}
 
/** Helper class for performing an attack. */
class attack
{
public:
    attack(const map_location& attacker,
            const map_location& defender,
            int attack_with,
            int defend_with,
            bool update_display = true);
 
    void perform();
 
private:
    class attack_end_exception
    {
    };
 
    bool perform_hit(bool, statistics_attack_context&);
    void fire_event(const std::string& n);
    void fire_event_impl(const std::string& n, bool reversed);
    void refresh_bc();
 
    /** Structure holding unit info used in the attack action. */
    struct unit_info
    {
        const map_location loc_;
        int weapon_;
        unit_map& units_;
        std::size_t id_; /**< unit.underlying_id() */
        std::string weap_id_;
        int orig_attacks_;
        int n_attacks_; /**< Number of attacks left. */
        int cth_;
        int damage_;
        int xp_;
 
        unit_info(const map_location& loc, int weapon, unit_map& units);
        unit& get_unit();
        unit_ptr get_unit_ptr();
        bool valid();
 
        std::string dump();
    };
 
    /**
     * Used in perform_hit to confirm a replay is in sync.
     * Check OOS_error_ after this method, true if error detected.
     */
    void check_replay_attack_result(bool&, int, int&, config, unit_info&);
 
    void unit_killed(
            unit_info&, unit_info&, const battle_context_unit_stats*&, const battle_context_unit_stats*&, bool);
 
    std::unique_ptr<battle_context> bc_;
 
    const battle_context_unit_stats* a_stats_;
    const battle_context_unit_stats* d_stats_;
 
    int abs_n_attack_, abs_n_defend_;
    // update_att_fog_ is not used, other than making some code simpler.
    bool update_att_fog_, update_def_fog_, update_minimap_;
 
    unit_info a_, d_;
    unit_map& units_;
    std::ostringstream errbuf_;
 
    bool update_display_;
    bool OOS_error_;
 
    bool use_prng_;
 
    struct hit_credits
    {
        int prev_cth;
        int credit;
    };
    hit_credits bias_attacker_ = { -1 , 0};
    hit_credits bias_defender_ = { -1 , 0};
};
 
attack::unit_info::unit_info(const map_location& loc, int weapon, unit_map& units)
    : loc_(loc)
    , weapon_(weapon)
    , units_(units)
    , id_()
    , weap_id_()
    , orig_attacks_(0)
    , n_attacks_(0)
    , cth_(0)
    , damage_(0)
    , xp_(0)
{
    unit_map::iterator i = units_.find(loc_);
    if(!i.valid()) {
        return;
    }
 
    id_ = i->underlying_id();
}
 
unit& attack::unit_info::get_unit()
{
    unit_map::iterator i = units_.find(loc_);
    assert(i.valid() && i->underlying_id() == id_);
    return *i;
}
 
unit_ptr attack::unit_info::get_unit_ptr()
{
    unit_map::iterator i = units_.find(loc_);
    if(i.valid() && i->underlying_id() == id_) {
        return i.get_shared_ptr();
    }
    return unit_ptr();
}
 
bool attack::unit_info::valid()
{
    unit_map::iterator i = units_.find(loc_);
    return i.valid() && i->underlying_id() == id_;
}
 
std::string attack::unit_info::dump()
{
    std::stringstream s;
    s << get_unit().type_id() << " (" << loc_.wml_x() << ',' << loc_.wml_y() << ')';
    return s.str();
}
 
attack::attack(const map_location& attacker,
        const map_location& defender,
        int attack_with,
        int defend_with,
        bool update_display)
    : bc_(nullptr)
    , a_stats_(nullptr)
    , d_stats_(nullptr)
    , abs_n_attack_(0)
    , abs_n_defend_(0)
    , update_att_fog_(false)
    , update_def_fog_(false)
    , update_minimap_(false)
    , a_(attacker, attack_with, resources::gameboard->units())
    , d_(defender, defend_with, resources::gameboard->units())
    , units_(resources::gameboard->units())
    , errbuf_()
    , update_display_(update_display)
    , OOS_error_(false)
 
    //new experimental prng mode.
    , use_prng_(biased_rng::enabled())
{
    if(use_prng_) {
        LOG_NG << "Using experimental PRNG for combat";
    }
}
 
void attack::fire_event(const std::string& n)
{
    fire_event_impl(n, false);
}
 
void attack::fire_event_impl(const std::string& n, bool reverse)
{
    LOG_NG << "attack: firing '" << n << "' event";
    // FIXME: this passes nullptr to the specials_context, i assume it's to avoid binding the context to the concrete c++ unit objects in case the unit gets replaced by wml
    // But that doesn't really work, see the related comment in attack_type::special_active_impl
 
    // prepare the event data for weapon filtering
    config ev_data;
    config& a_weapon_cfg = ev_data.add_child(reverse ? "second" : "first");
    config& d_weapon_cfg = ev_data.add_child(reverse ? "first" : "second");
 
    // Need these to ensure weapon filters work correctly
    auto ctx = specials_context_t::make({ nullptr, a_.loc_, a_stats_->weapon }, { nullptr, d_.loc_, d_stats_->weapon }, true);
 
    if(a_stats_->weapon != nullptr && a_.valid()) {
        a_stats_->weapon->write(a_weapon_cfg);
    }
 
    if(d_stats_->weapon != nullptr && d_.valid()) {
        d_stats_->weapon->write(d_weapon_cfg);
    }
 
    if(a_weapon_cfg["name"].empty()) {
        a_weapon_cfg["name"] = "none";
    }
 
    if(d_weapon_cfg["name"].empty()) {
        d_weapon_cfg["name"] = "none";
    }
 
    if(n == "attack_end") {
        // We want to fire attack_end event in any case! Even if one of units was removed by WML.
        resources::game_events->pump().fire(n, a_.loc_, d_.loc_, ev_data);
        return;
    }
 
    // damage_inflicted is set in these events.
    // TODO: should we set this value from unit_info::damage, or continue using the WML variable?
    if(n == "attacker_hits" || n == "defender_hits" || n == "unit_hits") {
        ev_data["damage_inflicted"] = resources::gamedata->get_variable("damage_inflicted");
    }
 
    const int defender_side = d_.get_unit().side();
 
    bool wml_aborted;
    std::tie(std::ignore, wml_aborted) = resources::game_events->pump().fire(n,
        game_events::entity_location(reverse ? d_.loc_ : a_.loc_, reverse ? d_.id_ : a_.id_),
        game_events::entity_location(reverse ? a_.loc_ : d_.loc_, reverse ? a_.id_ : d_.id_), ev_data);
 
    // The event could have killed either the attacker or
    // defender, so we have to make sure they still exist.
    refresh_bc();
 
    if(wml_aborted || !a_.valid() || !d_.valid()
        || !resources::gameboard->get_team(a_.get_unit().side()).is_enemy(d_.get_unit().side())
    ) {
        actions::recalculate_fog(defender_side);
 
        if(update_display_) {
            display::get_singleton()->redraw_minimap();
        }
 
        fire_event("attack_end");
        throw attack_end_exception();
    }
}
 
void attack::refresh_bc()
{
    // Fix index of weapons.
    if(a_.valid()) {
        refresh_weapon_index(a_.weapon_, a_.weap_id_, a_.get_unit().attacks());
    }
 
    if(d_.valid()) {
        refresh_weapon_index(d_.weapon_, d_.weap_id_, d_.get_unit().attacks());
    }
 
    if(!a_.valid() || !d_.valid()) {
        // Fix pointer to weapons.
        const_cast<battle_context_unit_stats*>(a_stats_)->weapon
                = a_.valid() && a_.weapon_ >= 0 ? a_.get_unit().attacks()[a_.weapon_].shared_from_this() : nullptr;
 
        const_cast<battle_context_unit_stats*>(d_stats_)->weapon
                = d_.valid() && d_.weapon_ >= 0 ? d_.get_unit().attacks()[d_.weapon_].shared_from_this() : nullptr;
 
        return;
    }
 
    bc_.reset(new battle_context(units_, a_.loc_, d_.loc_, a_.weapon_, d_.weapon_));
 
    a_stats_ = &bc_->get_attacker_stats();
    d_stats_ = &bc_->get_defender_stats();
 
    a_.cth_ = a_stats_->chance_to_hit;
    d_.cth_ = d_stats_->chance_to_hit;
    a_.damage_ = a_stats_->damage;
    d_.damage_ = d_stats_->damage;
}
 
bool attack::perform_hit(bool attacker_turn, statistics_attack_context& stats)
{
    unit_info& attacker = attacker_turn ? a_ : d_;
    unit_info& defender = attacker_turn ? d_ : a_;
 
    // NOTE: we need to use a reference-to-pointer here so a_stats_ and d_stats_ can be
    // modified without. Using a pointer directly would render them invalid when that happened.
    const battle_context_unit_stats*& attacker_stats = attacker_turn ? a_stats_ : d_stats_;
    const battle_context_unit_stats*& defender_stats = attacker_turn ? d_stats_ : a_stats_;
 
    int& abs_n = attacker_turn ? abs_n_attack_ : abs_n_defend_;
    bool& update_fog = attacker_turn ? update_def_fog_ : update_att_fog_;
 
    int ran_num;
 
    if(use_prng_) {
        if(attacker.cth_ == 0 || attacker.cth_ == 100) {
            // if cth is 0/100 we never/always want to hit, even if bias would give us a chance to do so. We also don't want to modify bias
            // TODO: should we call randomness::generator->get_random_int() anyways to stay in sync? (doing so would mean we are calling rng the same amount of times in the biased and defaultmode
            ran_num = 50;
        } else {
            auto& bias = attacker_turn ? bias_attacker_ : bias_defender_;
            if(bias.prev_cth != attacker.cth_) {
                bias.credit = biased_rng::roll_credit(*randomness::generator);
                bias.prev_cth = attacker.cth_;
            }
            // attacker.n_attacks_ is the number of strikes left.
            const bool does_hit = biased_rng::roll_hit(*randomness::generator, attacker.n_attacks_, attacker.cth_, bias.credit);
            ran_num = does_hit ? 0 : 99;
        }
    } else {
        ran_num = randomness::generator->get_random_int(0, 99);
    }
    bool hits = (ran_num < attacker.cth_);
 
    int damage = 0;
    if(hits) {
        damage = attacker.damage_;
        resources::gamedata->get_variable("damage_inflicted") = damage;
    }
 
    // Make sure that if we're serializing a game here,
    // we got the same results as the game did originally.
    const config local_results {"chance", attacker.cth_, "hits", hits, "damage", damage};
 
    config replay_results;
    bool equals_replay = checkup_instance->local_checkup(local_results, replay_results);
 
    if(!equals_replay) {
        check_replay_attack_result(hits, ran_num, damage, replay_results, attacker);
    }
 
    // can do no more damage than the defender has hitpoints
    int damage_done = std::min<int>(defender.get_unit().hitpoints(), attacker.damage_);
 
    // expected damage = damage potential * chance to hit (as a percentage)
    double expected_damage = damage_done * attacker.cth_ * 0.01;
 
    if(attacker_turn) {
        stats.attack_expected_damage(expected_damage, 0);
    } else {
        stats.attack_expected_damage(0, expected_damage);
    }
 
    int drains_damage = 0;
    if(hits && attacker_stats->drains) {
        drains_damage = damage_done * attacker_stats->drain_percent / 100 + attacker_stats->drain_constant;
 
        // don't drain so much that the attacker gets more than his maximum hitpoints
        drains_damage =
            std::min<int>(drains_damage, attacker.get_unit().max_hitpoints() - attacker.get_unit().hitpoints());
 
        // if drain is negative, don't allow drain to kill the attacker
        drains_damage = std::max<int>(drains_damage, 1 - attacker.get_unit().hitpoints());
    }
 
    if(update_display_) {
        std::ostringstream float_text;
        std::vector<std::string> extra_hit_sounds;
 
        if(hits) {
            const unit& defender_unit = defender.get_unit();
            if(attacker_stats->poisons && !defender_unit.get_state(unit::STATE_POISONED)) {
                float_text << (defender_unit.gender() == unit_race::FEMALE ? _("female^poisoned") : _("poisoned"))
                           << '\n';
 
                extra_hit_sounds.push_back(game_config::sounds::status::poisoned);
            }
 
            if(attacker_stats->slows && !defender_unit.get_state(unit::STATE_SLOWED)) {
                float_text << (defender_unit.gender() == unit_race::FEMALE ? _("female^slowed") : _("slowed")) << '\n';
 
                extra_hit_sounds.push_back(game_config::sounds::status::slowed);
            }
 
            if(attacker_stats->petrifies) {
                float_text << (defender_unit.gender() == unit_race::FEMALE ? _("female^petrified") : _("petrified"))
                           << '\n';
 
                extra_hit_sounds.push_back(game_config::sounds::status::petrified);
            }
        } else {
            if(prefs::get().show_attack_miss_indicator()) {
                float_text << _("attack^miss");
            }
        }
 
        unit_display::unit_attack(
            game_display::get_singleton(),
            *resources::gameboard,
            attacker.loc_, defender.loc_,
            damage,
            *attacker_stats->weapon, defender_stats->weapon,
            abs_n, float_text.str(), drains_damage, "",
            &extra_hit_sounds, attacker_turn
        );
    }
 
    bool dies = defender.get_unit().take_hit(damage);
    LOG_NG << "defender took " << damage << (dies ? " and died\n" : "\n");
 
    if(attacker_turn) {
        stats.attack_result(hits
            ? (dies
                ? statistics_attack_context::KILLS
                : statistics_attack_context::HITS)
            : statistics_attack_context::MISSES,
            attacker.cth_, damage_done, drains_damage
        );
    } else {
        stats.defend_result(hits
            ? (dies
                ? statistics_attack_context::KILLS
                : statistics_attack_context::HITS)
            : statistics_attack_context::MISSES,
            attacker.cth_, damage_done, drains_damage
        );
    }
 
    replay_results.clear();
 
    // There was also a attribute cfg["unit_hit"] which was never used so i deleted.
    equals_replay = checkup_instance->local_checkup(config{"dies", dies}, replay_results);
 
    if(!equals_replay) {
        bool results_dies = replay_results["dies"].to_bool();
 
        errbuf_ << "SYNC: In attack " << a_.dump() << " vs " << d_.dump() << ": the data source says the "
                << (attacker_turn ? "defender" : "attacker") << ' ' << (results_dies ? "perished" : "survived")
                << " while in-game calculations show it " << (dies ? "perished" : "survived")
                << " (over-riding game calculations with data source results)\n";
 
        dies = results_dies;
 
        // Set hitpoints to 0 so later checks don't invalidate the death.
        if(results_dies) {
            defender.get_unit().set_hitpoints(0);
        }
 
        OOS_error_ = true;
    }
 
    if(hits) {
        try {
            fire_event(attacker_turn ? "attacker_hits" : "defender_hits");
            fire_event_impl("unit_hits", !attacker_turn);
        } catch(const attack_end_exception&) {
            refresh_bc();
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        try {
            fire_event(attacker_turn ? "attacker_misses" : "defender_misses");
            fire_event_impl("unit_misses", !attacker_turn);
        } catch(const attack_end_exception&) {
            refresh_bc();
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    refresh_bc();
 
    bool attacker_dies = false;
 
    if(drains_damage > 0) {
        attacker.get_unit().heal(drains_damage);
    } else if(drains_damage < 0) {
        attacker_dies = attacker.get_unit().take_hit(-drains_damage);
    }
 
    if(dies) {
        unit_killed(attacker, defender, attacker_stats, defender_stats, false);
        update_fog = true;
    }
 
    if(attacker_dies) {
        unit_killed(defender, attacker, defender_stats, attacker_stats, true);
        (attacker_turn ? update_att_fog_ : update_def_fog_) = true;
    }
 
    if(dies) {
        update_minimap_ = true;
        return false;
    }
 
    if(hits) {
        unit& defender_unit = defender.get_unit();
 
        if(attacker_stats->poisons && !defender_unit.get_state(unit::STATE_POISONED)) {
            defender_unit.set_state(unit::STATE_POISONED, true);
            LOG_NG << "defender poisoned";
        }
 
        if(attacker_stats->slows && !defender_unit.get_state(unit::STATE_SLOWED)) {
            defender_unit.set_state(unit::STATE_SLOWED, true);
            update_fog = true;
            defender.damage_ = defender_stats->slow_damage;
            LOG_NG << "defender slowed";
        }
 
        // If the defender is petrified, the fight stops immediately
        if(attacker_stats->petrifies) {
            defender_unit.set_state(unit::STATE_PETRIFIED, true);
            update_fog = true;
            attacker.n_attacks_ = 0;
            defender.n_attacks_ = -1; // Petrified.
            resources::game_events->pump().fire("petrified", defender.loc_, attacker.loc_);
            refresh_bc();
        }
    }
 
    // Delay until here so that poison and slow go through
    if(attacker_dies) {
        update_minimap_ = true;
        return false;
    }
 
    --attacker.n_attacks_;
 
    // If an event removed a unit's weapon, set number of remaining attacks to zero
    // for that unit, but let the other unit continue
    if (attacker_stats->weapon == nullptr){
        attacker.n_attacks_ = 0;
        attacker.orig_attacks_ = 0;
    }
    if (defender_stats->weapon == nullptr){
        defender.n_attacks_ = 0;
        defender.orig_attacks_ = 0;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
void attack::unit_killed(unit_info& attacker,
        unit_info& defender,
        const battle_context_unit_stats*& attacker_stats,
        const battle_context_unit_stats*& defender_stats,
        bool drain_killed)
{
    attacker.xp_ = game_config::kill_xp(defender.get_unit().level());
    defender.xp_ = 0;
 
    display::get_singleton()->invalidate(attacker.loc_);
 
    game_events::entity_location death_loc(defender.loc_, defender.id_);
    game_events::entity_location attacker_loc(attacker.loc_, attacker.id_);
 
    std::string undead_variation = defender.get_unit().undead_variation();
 
    fire_event("attack_end");
    refresh_bc();
 
    // Get weapon info for last_breath and die events.
    config dat;
    config a_weapon_cfg = attacker_stats->weapon && attacker.valid() ? attacker_stats->weapon->to_config() : config();
    config d_weapon_cfg = defender_stats->weapon && defender.valid() ? defender_stats->weapon->to_config() : config();
 
    if(a_weapon_cfg["name"].empty()) {
        a_weapon_cfg["name"] = "none";
    }
 
    if(d_weapon_cfg["name"].empty()) {
        d_weapon_cfg["name"] = "none";
    }
 
    dat.add_child("first", d_weapon_cfg);
    dat.add_child("second", a_weapon_cfg);
 
    resources::game_events->pump().fire("last_breath", death_loc, attacker_loc, dat);
    refresh_bc();
 
    // WML has invalidated the dying unit, abort.
    if(!defender.valid() || defender.get_unit().hitpoints() > 0) {
        return;
    }
 
    if(!attacker.valid()) {
        unit_display::unit_die(
            defender.loc_,
            defender.get_unit(),
            nullptr,
            defender_stats->weapon
        );
    } else {
        unit_display::unit_die(
            defender.loc_,
            defender.get_unit(),
            attacker_stats->weapon,
            defender_stats->weapon,
            attacker.loc_,
            attacker.get_unit_ptr()
        );
    }
 
    resources::game_events->pump().fire("die", death_loc, attacker_loc, dat);
    refresh_bc();
 
    if(!defender.valid() || defender.get_unit().hitpoints() > 0) {
        // WML has invalidated the dying unit, abort
        return;
    }
 
    units_.erase(defender.loc_);
    resources::whiteboard->on_kill_unit();
 
    // Plague units make new units on the target hex.
    if(attacker.valid() && attacker_stats->plagues && !drain_killed) {
        LOG_NG << "trying to reanimate " << attacker_stats->plague_type;
 
        if(const unit_type* reanimator = unit_types.find(attacker_stats->plague_type)) {
            LOG_NG << "found unit type:" << reanimator->id();
 
            unit_ptr newunit = unit::create(*reanimator, attacker.get_unit().side(), true, unit_race::MALE);
            newunit->set_attacks(0);
            newunit->set_movement(0, true);
            newunit->set_facing(map_location::get_opposite_direction(attacker.get_unit().facing()));
 
            // Apply variation
            if(undead_variation != "null") {
                config mod;
                config& variation = mod.add_child("effect");
                variation["apply_to"] = "variation";
                variation["name"] = undead_variation;
                newunit->add_modification("variation", mod);
                newunit->heal_fully();
            }
 
            newunit->set_location(death_loc);
            units_.insert(newunit);
 
            game_events::entity_location reanim_loc(defender.loc_, newunit->underlying_id());
            resources::game_events->pump().fire("unit_placed", reanim_loc);
 
            prefs::get().encountered_units().insert(newunit->type_id());
 
            if(update_display_) {
                display::get_singleton()->invalidate(death_loc);
            }
        }
    } else {
        LOG_NG << "unit not reanimated";
    }
}
 
void attack::perform()
{
    // Stop the user from issuing any commands while the units are fighting.
    const events::command_disabler disable_commands;
 
    if(!a_.valid() || !d_.valid()) {
        return;
    }
 
    // no attack weapon => stop here and don't attack
    if(a_.weapon_ < 0) {
        a_.get_unit().set_attacks(a_.get_unit().attacks_left() - 1);
        a_.get_unit().set_movement(-1, true);
        return;
    }
 
    if(a_.get_unit().attacks_left() <= 0) {
        LOG_NG << "attack::perform(): not enough ap.";
        return;
    }
 
    bc_.reset(new battle_context(units_, a_.loc_, d_.loc_, a_.weapon_, d_.weapon_));
 
    a_stats_ = &bc_->get_attacker_stats();
    d_stats_ = &bc_->get_defender_stats();
 
    if(a_stats_->weapon) {
        a_.weap_id_ = a_stats_->weapon->id();
    }
 
    if(d_stats_->weapon) {
        d_.weap_id_ = d_stats_->weapon->id();
    }
 
    a_.get_unit().set_facing(a_.loc_.get_relative_dir(d_.loc_));
    d_.get_unit().set_facing(d_.loc_.get_relative_dir(a_.loc_));
 
    try {
        fire_event("pre_attack");
    } catch(const attack_end_exception&) {
        return;
    }
 
    VALIDATE(a_.weapon_ < static_cast<int>(a_.get_unit().attacks().size()),
            _("An invalid attacker weapon got selected."));
 
    a_.get_unit().set_attacks(a_.get_unit().attacks_left() - a_.get_unit().attacks()[a_.weapon_].attacks_used());
    a_.get_unit().set_movement(a_.get_unit().movement_left() - a_.get_unit().attacks()[a_.weapon_].movement_used(), true);
    a_.get_unit().set_state(unit::STATE_NOT_MOVED, false);
    a_.get_unit().set_resting(false);
    d_.get_unit().set_resting(false);
 
    // If the attacker was invisible, she isn't anymore!
    a_.get_unit().set_state(unit::STATE_UNCOVERED, true);
 
    if(a_stats_->disable) {
        LOG_NG << "attack::perform(): tried to attack with a disabled attack.";
        return;
    }
 
    try {
        fire_event("attack");
    } catch(const attack_end_exception&) {
        return;
    }
 
    DBG_NG << "getting attack statistics";
    statistics_attack_context attack_stats(resources::controller->statistics(),
            a_.get_unit(), d_.get_unit(), a_stats_->chance_to_hit, d_stats_->chance_to_hit);
 
    a_.orig_attacks_ = a_stats_->num_blows;
    d_.orig_attacks_ = d_stats_->num_blows;
    a_.n_attacks_ = a_.orig_attacks_;
    d_.n_attacks_ = d_.orig_attacks_;
    a_.xp_ = game_config::combat_xp(d_.get_unit().level());
    d_.xp_ = game_config::combat_xp(a_.get_unit().level());
 
    bool defender_strikes_first = (d_stats_->firststrike && !a_stats_->firststrike);
    unsigned int rounds = std::max<unsigned int>(a_stats_->rounds, d_stats_->rounds) - 1;
    const int defender_side = d_.get_unit().side();
 
    LOG_NG << "Fight: (" << a_.loc_ << ") vs (" << d_.loc_ << ") ATT: " << a_stats_->weapon->name() << " "
           << a_stats_->damage << "-" << a_stats_->num_blows << "(" << a_stats_->chance_to_hit
           << "%) vs DEF: " << (d_stats_->weapon ? d_stats_->weapon->name() : "none") << " " << d_stats_->damage << "-"
           << d_stats_->num_blows << "(" << d_stats_->chance_to_hit << "%)"
           << (defender_strikes_first ? " defender first-strike" : "");
 
    // Play the pre-fight animation
    unit_display::unit_draw_weapon(a_.loc_, a_.get_unit(), a_stats_->weapon, d_stats_->weapon, d_.loc_, d_.get_unit_ptr());
 
    while(true) {
        DBG_NG << "start of attack loop...";
        ++abs_n_attack_;
 
        if(a_.n_attacks_ > 0 && !defender_strikes_first) {
            if(!perform_hit(true, attack_stats)) {
                DBG_NG << "broke from attack loop on attacker turn";
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // If the defender got to strike first, they use it up here.
        defender_strikes_first = false;
        ++abs_n_defend_;
 
        if(d_.n_attacks_ > 0) {
            if(!perform_hit(false, attack_stats)) {
                DBG_NG << "broke from attack loop on defender turn";
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // Continue the fight to death; if one of the units got petrified,
        // either n_attacks or n_defends is -1
        if(rounds > 0 && d_.n_attacks_ == 0 && a_.n_attacks_ == 0) {
            a_.n_attacks_ = a_.orig_attacks_;
            d_.n_attacks_ = d_.orig_attacks_;
            --rounds;
            defender_strikes_first = (d_stats_->firststrike && !a_stats_->firststrike);
        }
 
        if(a_.n_attacks_ <= 0 && d_.n_attacks_ <= 0) {
            fire_event("attack_end");
            refresh_bc();
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Set by attacker_hits and defender_hits and unit_hits events.
    resources::gamedata->clear_variable("damage_inflicted");
 
    if(update_def_fog_) {
        actions::recalculate_fog(defender_side);
    }
 
    // TODO: if we knew the viewing team, we could skip this display update
    if(update_minimap_ && update_display_) {
        display::get_singleton()->redraw_minimap();
    }
 
    if(a_.valid()) {
        unit& u = a_.get_unit();
        u.anim_comp().set_standing();
        u.set_experience(u.experience() + a_.xp_);
    }
 
    if(d_.valid()) {
        unit& u = d_.get_unit();
        u.anim_comp().set_standing();
        u.set_experience(u.experience() + d_.xp_);
    }
 
    unit_display::unit_sheath_weapon(a_.loc_, a_.get_unit_ptr(), a_stats_->weapon, d_stats_->weapon,
            d_.loc_, d_.get_unit_ptr());
 
    if(update_display_) {
        game_display::get_singleton()->invalidate_unit();
        display::get_singleton()->invalidate(a_.loc_);
        display::get_singleton()->invalidate(d_.loc_);
    }
 
    if(OOS_error_) {
        replay::process_error(errbuf_.str());
    }
}
 
void attack::check_replay_attack_result(
        bool& hits, int ran_num, int& damage, config replay_results, unit_info& attacker)
{
    int results_chance = replay_results["chance"].to_int();
    bool results_hits = replay_results["hits"].to_bool();
    int results_damage = replay_results["damage"].to_int();
 
#if 0
    errbuf_ << "SYNC: In attack " << a_.dump() << " vs " << d_.dump()
    << " replay data differs from local calculated data:"
    << " chance to hit in data source: " << results_chance
    << " chance to hit in calculated:  " << attacker.cth_
    << " chance to hit in data source: " << results_chance
    << " chance to hit in calculated:  " << attacker.cth_
    ;
 
    attacker.cth_ = results_chance;
    hits = results_hits;
    damage = results_damage;
 
    OOS_error_ = true;
#endif
 
    if(results_chance != attacker.cth_) {
        errbuf_ << "SYNC: In attack " << a_.dump() << " vs " << d_.dump()
                << ": chance to hit is inconsistent. Data source: " << results_chance
                << "; Calculation: " << attacker.cth_ << " (over-riding game calculations with data source results)\n";
        attacker.cth_ = results_chance;
        OOS_error_ = true;
    }
 
    if(results_hits != hits) {
        errbuf_ << "SYNC: In attack " << a_.dump() << " vs " << d_.dump() << ": the data source says the hit was "
                << (results_hits ? "successful" : "unsuccessful") << ", while in-game calculations say the hit was "
                << (hits ? "successful" : "unsuccessful") << " random number: " << ran_num << " = " << (ran_num % 100)
                << "/" << results_chance << " (over-riding game calculations with data source results)\n";
        hits = results_hits;
        OOS_error_ = true;
    }
 
    if(results_damage != damage) {
        errbuf_ << "SYNC: In attack " << a_.dump() << " vs " << d_.dump() << ": the data source says the hit did "
                << results_damage << " damage, while in-game calculations show the hit doing " << damage
                << " damage (over-riding game calculations with data source results)\n";
        damage = results_damage;
        OOS_error_ = true;
    }
}
} // end anonymous namespace
 
 
// ==================================================================================
// FREE-STANDING FUNCTIONS
// ==================================================================================
 
void attack_unit(const map_location& attacker,
        const map_location& defender,
        int attack_with,
        int defend_with,
        bool update_display)
{
    attack dummy(attacker, defender, attack_with, defend_with, update_display);
    dummy.perform();
}
 
void attack_unit_and_advance(const map_location& attacker,
        const map_location& defender,
        int attack_with,
        int defend_with,
        bool update_display)
{
    attack_unit(attacker, defender, attack_with, defend_with, update_display);
 
    unit_map::const_iterator atku = resources::gameboard->units().find(attacker);
    if(atku != resources::gameboard->units().end()) {
        advance_unit_at(advance_unit_params(attacker));
    }
 
    unit_map::const_iterator defu = resources::gameboard->units().find(defender);
    if(defu != resources::gameboard->units().end()) {
        advance_unit_at(advance_unit_params(defender));
    }
}
 
int under_leadership(const unit& u, const map_location& loc)
{
    active_ability_list abil = u.get_abilities("leadership", loc);
    unit_abilities::effect leader_effect(abil, 0, nullptr, unit_abilities::EFFECT_CUMULABLE);
    return leader_effect.get_composite_value();
}
 
int under_leadership(const unit& u, const specials_context_t& context)
{
    active_ability_list abil = context.get_abilities_weapons("leadership", u);
    unit_abilities::effect leader_effect(abil, 0, nullptr, unit_abilities::EFFECT_CUMULABLE);
    return leader_effect.get_composite_value();
}
 
int combat_modifier(const unit_map& units,
        const gamemap& map,
        const map_location& loc,
        unit_alignments::type alignment,
        bool is_fearless)
{
    const tod_manager& tod_m = *resources::tod_manager;
    const time_of_day& effective_tod = tod_m.get_illuminated_time_of_day(units, map, loc);
    return combat_modifier(effective_tod, alignment, is_fearless);
}
 
int combat_modifier(const time_of_day& effective_tod,
        unit_alignments::type alignment,
        bool is_fearless)
{
    const tod_manager& tod_m = *resources::tod_manager;
    const int lawful_bonus = effective_tod.lawful_bonus;
    return generic_combat_modifier(lawful_bonus, alignment, is_fearless, tod_m.get_max_liminal_bonus());
}
 
int generic_combat_modifier(int lawful_bonus, unit_alignments::type alignment, bool is_fearless, int max_liminal_bonus)
{
    int bonus;
 
    switch(alignment) {
    case unit_alignments::type::lawful:
        bonus = lawful_bonus;
        break;
    case unit_alignments::type::neutral:
        bonus = 0;
        break;
    case unit_alignments::type::chaotic:
        bonus = -lawful_bonus;
        break;
    case unit_alignments::type::liminal:
        bonus = max_liminal_bonus-std::abs(lawful_bonus);
        break;
    default:
        bonus = 0;
    }
 
    if(is_fearless) {
        bonus = std::max<int>(bonus, 0);
    }
 
    return bonus;
}
 
bool backstab_check(const map_location& attacker_loc,
        const map_location& defender_loc,
        const unit_map& units,
        const std::vector<team>& teams)
{
    const unit_map::const_iterator defender = units.find(defender_loc);
    if(defender == units.end()) {
        return false; // No defender
    }
 
    const auto adj = get_adjacent_tiles(defender_loc);
    unsigned i;
 
    for(i = 0; i < adj.size(); ++i) {
        if(adj[i] == attacker_loc) {
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if(i >= 6) {
        return false; // Attack not from adjacent location
    }
 
    const unit_map::const_iterator opp = units.find(adj[(i + 3) % 6]);
 
    // No opposite unit.
    if(opp == units.end()) {
        return false;
    }
 
    if(opp->incapacitated()) {
        return false;
    }
 
    // If sides aren't valid teams, then they are enemies.
    if(std::size_t(defender->side() - 1) >= teams.size() || std::size_t(opp->side() - 1) >= teams.size()) {
        return true;
    }
 
    // Defender and opposite are enemies.
    if(teams[defender->side() - 1].is_enemy(opp->side())) {
        return true;
    }
 
    // Defender and opposite are friends.
    return false;
}